LAHORE

Lahore (/ləˈhɔər/; ALA-LC: Lahor Punjabi articulation: [ləhoːr] ( tune in); (Urdu: لاہور‎; Punjabi: Shahmukhi: لہور ALA-LC: Lāhor IPA: [lɑːhoːr]) is the capital city of the region of Punjab, the second biggest metropolitan zone in Pakistan and sixteenth most crowded city on the planet. It is a critical authentic focus in South Asia. With a rich history going back over a thousand years, Lahore is a principle social focus of the Punjab area and Pakistan and is the biggest Punjabi city on the planet. A standout amongst the most thickly populated urban areas on the planet, Lahore remains a financial, political, transportation, diversion, and instructive center of Pakistan. 

Lahore progressively served as the local capital of the realms of the Shahi kingdoms in the eleventh century, the Ghaznavids in the twelfth century, the Ghurid State in the twelfth and thirteenth hundreds of years and the Mughal Empire in the sixteenth century. From 1802 to 1849, Lahore served as the capital city of the Sikh Empire. In the mid-nineteenth and mid twentieth century, Lahore was the capital of the Punjab area under the British Raj. The conventional capital of Punjab for a thousand years, Lahore was the social focal point of the northern Indian subcontinent which reaches out from the eastern banks of the Indus River to New Delhi.[4][5] Mughal structures, for example, the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jahan, Chauburji Gate, and the walled city are a percentage of the real vacation spots in the city. Lahore is additionally home to numerous British provincial structures assembled in the Indo-Saracenic style, for example, the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum, Lahore Railway Station, and numerous more seasoned colleges and schools including the University of the Punjab, Govt College and King Edward Medical University. The Lahore Zoo, thought to be the fourth most seasoned on the planet, is likewise arranged here.[6] 

Lahore is alluded to as the social heart of Pakistan as it has the vast majority of human expressions, cooking, celebrations, music, film-production, planting and intellectual elite of the country.[4] The city has dependably been an inside for distributions where 80 percent of Pakistan's books are distributed, and it remains the chief focus of abstract, instructive and social action in Pakistan.[7] It is likewise a vital religious focus as it is home to many sanctuaries, mosques, holy places and sanctums like Data Durbar Complex.[8] 

As per the 1998 registration, Lahore's populace was 6,319,000.[9] In July 2014, Index Mundi put the number of inhabitants in the city at 7,566,000.[10] An assessment in January 2015 gave the number of inhabitants in the Lahore agglomeration as 10,052,000.[2] It is positioned 34 in the most populated urban zones on the planet and the eighth biggest city inside of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. The zone of Lahore has verging on multiplied in the last 12 to 14 years. In 2010, Lahore was positioned as a Gamma+ world city.[11] The Guardian has appraised Lahore as the second best visitor destination in Pakistan after Taxila.[12] 

History

Lahore District was horticultural area with woodlands amid the Indus Valley Civilization. The Vedic period is portrayed by Indo-Aryan culture that attacked from Central Asia and settled in Punjab district. The Kambojas, Daradas, Kaikayas, Madras, Pauravas, Yaudheyas, Malavas, Saindhavas and Kurus attacked, settled and administered antiquated Punjab district. Subsequent to overwhelming the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Alexander walked into present-day Punjab area with a multitude of 50,000. The Lahore was ruled by Maurya Empire, Indo-Greek kingdom, Kushan Empire, Gupta Empire, White Huns, Kushano-Hephthalites and Shahi kingdoms. 

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, assumed control over the Ghaznavid line domain built up by his dad, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he vanquished the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and tailed it by the triumphs of Punjab locale. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire administered the locale. The Punjab locale turned out to be prevalently Muslim because of minister Sufi holy people whose dargahs dab the scene of Punjab district. After the decrease of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh attacked and possessed Lahore District. Amid the time of British guideline, Lahore area expanded in populace and significance. 

The Sikhs claimed up to 67% of the area in Lahore District. The Tehsils of Lahore and Chunian were prevalently Sikh. 

The overwhelmingly Muslim populace bolstered Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the freedom of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs relocated to India while the Muslim exiles from India settled in the Lahore District. 

Administration 

Until the neighborhood government changes of 2000, Lahore was a piece of the now-ancient Lahore Division. With the recovery of chief framework division, Lahore was restored. 

Under the most recent amendment of Pakistan's authoritative structure, proclaimed in 2001,[2] Lahore was labeled as a City District and partitioned into nine towns.[3] Each town thus comprises of a gathering of union councils.[4] 

Geography 

Lying between 31°15′—31°45′ N and 74°01′—74°39′ E, Lahore is limited on the north and west by the Sheikhupura District, on the east by Wagah, and on the south by Kasur District. The Ravi River streams on the northern side of Lahore. Lahore city covers an aggregate area territory of 404 square kilometers (156 sq mi) is as yet developing 

Economy 

Starting 2008, the city's total national output (GDP) by acquiring force equality (PPP) was evaluated at $40 billion with an anticipated normal development rate of 5.6 percent. This is at standard with Pakistan's monetary center point, Karachi, with Lahore (having a large portion of the populace) encouraging an economy that is 51% of the measure of Karachi's ($78 billion in 2008).[61] The commitment of Lahore to the national economy should be around 13.2%.[62] in general Punjab has $115 billion economy making it first and to date just Pakistani Subdivision of economy more than $100 billion at the rank 144.[61] Lahore's GDP is anticipated to be 102 billion$ by the year 2025, with a marginally higher development rate of 5.6% for every annum, when contrasted with Karachi's 5.5%.[61][63] Central to Lahore's economy is the Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE), Pakistan's second biggest stock trade. Lahore has workplaces of a few Pakistani government enterprises including the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA). Nourishment and eatery organizations stay open throughout the night. Lahore is the second biggest budgetary center point of Pakistan and has mechanical territories including Kot Lakhpat and the new Sundar Industrial Estate (close Raiwand). Lahore's financial base is expansive and fluctuated. 

A noteworthy mechanical agglomeration with around 9,000 modern units, Lahore has moved in late decades from assembling to benefit industries.[64] Some 42% of its work power is utilized in money, managing an account, land, group, social, and social services.[64] The city is Pakistan's biggest programming and equipment creating centre,[64] and hosts a developing PC gathering industry.[64] Arfa Software Technology Park in Lahore is the greatest and most exceptional IT park in the nation. 

Bawa Dinga Singh Building 

The Lahore Expo Center is one of the greatest ventures in the historical backdrop of the city and was introduced on 22 May 2010.[65] Lake City is a resort and private advancement anticipated the edges of Lahore. Covering a range of more than 2,104 sections of land (851 ha), the resort will incorporate rich green parks, crooked lakes, a 18-gap regulation fairway and other features.[citation needed] 

Safeguard Raya Golf Resort, additionally under development, will be Pakistan's and Asia's biggest fairway. The task is the consequence of an association between DHA Lahore and BRDB Malaysia. The quick advancement of substantial ventures, for example, these in the city is relied upon to support the economy of the country.[66] Ferozepur Road of the Central Business Districts of Lahore and contains some elevated structures and high rises including Kayre International Hotel, Arfa Software Technology Park and the Mubarak 

Religion 

As indicated by the 1998 enumeration, 94% of Lahore's populace is Sunni or Shia Muslim, up from 60% in 1941. Different religions incorporate Christians (5.80% of the aggregate populace, however they conform to 9.0% of the country populace), and a little number of Bahá'ís, Hindus, Ahmediya, Parsis, and Sikhs. Because of Lahore's assorted society, there are numerous mosques, places of worship, synagogues, Hindu and Jain sanctuaries, Sikh Gurudwaras, and temples over the city. The absolute most celebrated mosques include: Badshahi Masjid, Dai Anga Mosque, Data Durbar Complex, Shia Masjid, Suneri Mosque, Wazir Khan Mosque, Moti Masjid, Masjid-e-Shuhda (Martyr's Mosque) and Mosque of Mariyam Zamani Begum. There are numerous sanctums devoted to distinctive individuals. A percentage of the renowned places of worship include: Tomb of Muhammad Iqbal, Bibi Pak Daman, Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, Tomb of Shah Jamal, Tomb of Lal Hussain, Tomb of Anārkalī, Tomb of Jahangir, Tomb of Empress Nur Jehan and Tomb of Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan. A portion of the understood houses of worship incorporate Regal Church, Hall Road Church, Convent of Jesus and Mary and Sacred Heart Cathedral. 

Culture

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Primary articles: Culture of Lahore, Architecture of Lahore, Festivals of Lahore, Shopping in Lahore and Lahori cooking 

Lahore's way of life is one of a kind. Known as the Cultural Capital or Heart of Pakistan, the city was the seat of the Mughal Empire and the Sikh Empire and in addition the capital of Punjab in Mahmud Ghaznavi's eleventh century realm and in the British Empire. Lahore has various shopping centers. Shopping center of Lahore with a general store green valley in underground and nourishment court with bunches of fast food, Italian, Chinese, Pakistani and Mediterranean restaurants is one of them.[citation needed] There are also Al Noor, Vogue Towers and Ali towers on M. M. Alam Road, Gulberg. Gulberg and Defence and DHA EME are Affluent suburbs of Lahore. Urban neighbourhoods of Lahore like Bahria Town,Safari Villas and Ahram e Misr, Lake Coty, Park View Villas, Tricon Valley and Raiwind are developing rapidly.

Lahore has played an important role in Pakistani history. It was the city where Pakistan's independence declaration was made. It was the largest city in the newly formed Pakistan at the time of independence and provided the easiest access to India, with its porous border near the Indian city of Amritsar only 30 miles (48 km) to the east. Large numbers of Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims lived closely in Lahore before the independence of Pakistan. The city suffered revolts, demonstrations and bloodshed at the time of independence due to the enmity between Muslims and Hindus at the time and the uncertainty which loomed over the fate of Lahore even after India and Pakistan became independent. Lahore's culture, its history, institutions, food, clothing, films, music, fashion, and liberal community lifestyle attract people from all over the country.

The people of Lahore celebrate many festivals and events throughout the year, blending Mughal, Western, and other traditions. Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha are celebrated. Many people decorate their houses and light candles to illuminate the streets and houses during public holidays; roads and businesses may be lit for days. The mausoleum of Ali Hujwiri, also known as Data Ganj Bakhsh (Urdu: داتا گنج بخش) or Data Sahib, is located in Lahore, and an annual urs is held every year as a big festival. Basant is a Punjabi festival marking the coming of spring. Basant celebrations in Pakistan are centred in Lahore, and people from all over the country and from abroad come to the city for the annual festivities. Kite-flying competitions traditionally take place on city rooftops during Basant. Courts have banned the kite-flying because of casualties and power installation losses. The ban was lifted for two days in 2007, then immediately reimposed when 11 people were killed by celebratory gunfire, sharp kite-strings, electrocution, and falls related to the competition.[75]

The Festival of Lamps, or Mela Chiraghan, is an important and popular event in Lahore. This is celebrated at the same time as Basant, every spring on the last Friday of March, outside the Shalimar Gardens. The National Horse and Cattle Show is one of the most famous annual festivals, held in spring in the Fortress Stadium. The week-long activities include a livestock display, horse and camel dances, tent pegging, colourful folk dances from all regions of Pakistan, mass-band displays, and tattoo shows in the evenings. On 14 August, the people of Pakistan celebrate the day Pakistan gained its independence from the British Raj. There are lots of celebrations in Lahore; the streets are full of people singing and dancing. Parades of the Pakistan Army and Pakistan Air Force are held early in the morning. Concerts are held with many pop and classical singers. The World Performing Arts Festival is held every autumn (usually in November) at the Alhambra cultural complex, a large venue consisting of several theatres and amphitheatres. This ten-day festival consists of musicals, theatre, concerts, dance, solo, mime, and puppetry shows. The festival has an international character, with nearly 80 percent of the shows performed by international performers. On average 15–20 different shows are performed every day of the festival.[76]

Historic parks and gardens

Lahore is known as the City of Gardens. Many gardens were built in Lahore during the Mughal era, some of which still survive. The Shalimar Gardens were laid out during the reign of Shah Jahan and were designed to mimic the Islamic paradise of the afterlife described in the Qur'an. The gardens follow the familiar charbagh layout of four squares, with three descending terraces. The Lawrence Gardens were established in 1862 and were originally named after Sir John Lawrence, late 19th-century British Viceroy to India. The many other gardens and parks in the city include Hazuri Bagh, Iqbal Park, Mochi Bagh, Gulshan Iqbal Park, Model Town Park, Race Course Park, Nasir Bagh Lahore, Jallo Park, Wild Life Park, and Changa Manga, an artificial forest near Lahore in the Kasur district. Another example is the Bagh-e-Jinnah, a 141-acre (57 ha) botanical garden that houses entertainment and sports facilities as well as a library.[77]

The Lahore Zoo is the second oldest zoo in South Asia after Calcutta and has been a source of amusement and recreation for families for more than 100 years. Lahore also has a safari park covering more than 200 acres (81 ha). The park has safaris for different animals. The safaris with tigers, lions, rhinos, elephants, bear, apes, African and Indus plane animals cover an area of 80 acres (32 ha). Pakistan's largest walkthrough aviary is also located here, with all kinds of birds, including pheasants, waterfowls and peacocks. Birds are kept in their natural habitat instead of being caged; a net fence at the perimeter keeps birds in the aviary. There are more than a thousand species of animals in the park. Lahore's biggest lake is also situated here for boating and fishing. Jilani Park (formerly Race Course Park) is famous for its floral exhibitions and artificial waterfall.[citation needed]

In December 2004, Pakistan and China signed a million contract for the construction of a housing project on Multan Road in Lahore.[78] The result was Sukh Chayn Gardens, a beautiful housing society full of lush green parks and gardens.

Education

See also: List of educational institutions in Lahore, List of special schools in Lahore and List of libraries in Lahore

Government College University

Lahore is known as Pakistan's educational capital, with more colleges and universities than any other city in Pakistan. Lahore is Pakistan's largest producer of professionals in the fields of science, technology, IT, engineering, medicine, nuclear sciences, pharmacology, telecommunication, biotechnology and microelectronics, nanotechnology and the only future hyper high tech centre of Pakistan .[79] Most of the reputable universities are public, but in recent years there has also been an upsurge in the number of private universities. The current literacy rate of Lahore is 74%. Lahore hosts some of Pakistan's oldest educational institutes:

Government College Lahore (now Government College University, Lahore), established in 1864

Forman Christian College, a chartered university established in 1864

Government Islamia College Lahore, established in 1892

University of the Punjab, established in 1882;[80]

Kinnaird College, established in 1913

Lahore College for Women University , established in 1922

Queen Mary College, Lahore, established in 1908 and

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (UET Lahore), established in 1921. UET is also Pakistan's oldest technical degree-awarding institute and its first university in the field of engineering and technology.

Lahore's principal educational institutes and establishments include:

Architecture[show]

Business Schools[show]

Computer Science, IT, and Engineering

Medical Colleges offering DMSS degrees

Postgraduate Institutes[show]

Schools and colleges[show]

The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences is the only college in Lahore providing education in the field of veterinary medicine. The De'Montmorency College of Dentistry is an important college of dentistry. There are many institutes offering education in fields of nursing and pharmacy as well.

Tourism

Main article: Walled City of Lahore

Lahore has 2 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, more than 200 archaeological sites and historic places and is a centre of art and culture in Pakistan. The main tourist attractions in Lahore are the Lahore Fort, Badshahi Mosque, Minar-e-Pakistan,Shalimar Gardens, Lahore Museum, Tomb of Jahangir, Tomb of Nur Jahan, Tomb of Asif Khan, Chauburji, Gawalmandi Food Street, Fort Road Food Street, Lahore Zoo, Lahore Zoo Safari Park, Fortress Stadium, The Mall, Wazir Khan Mosque,Anarkali Bazaar, Hazuri Bagh Baradari, Jallo Park, Hazuri Bagh, Iqbal Park, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park, Model Town Park, Race Course Park, Changa Manga, Zamzama, Masonic Temple, Charing Cross and Sukh Chayn Gardens.

Enjoy the best photos of Lahore , his landscapes, monuments, men, women and girls. Visit other towns and cities province, region or state Punjab Punjab. See zip code, number of inhabitants, coordinates, restaurants and hotels



1-Tomb of Jahangir Lahore

Lahore is full of beautiful & historic places. Among these places Tomb of Jahangir Lahore is an eye catching place. It was built for the Mughal Empire Jahangir. His son Shah Jahan built the mausoleum after the ten years of his father’s death. The Tomb contains four 30 meters high Minarets.


2-Lahore Zoo

The Lahore Zoo is a very important & the biggest zoo in the south Asia. It was established in 1872. The Government of Pakistan is taking lot of care in the wild life department. There are lots of collections of animals in the Zoo. It provides recreation & enjoyment for the citizen of Lahore & other Tourists.


3-Lahore Fort/ Shahi Qila

The Shahi qila which is locally called by the people is a very beautiful place to visit. It is situated in North West corner of the Lahore city. The Mughal Emperor Akbar laid the foundation of this Lahore fort. The Fort has two gates one is alamgiri gate and the other is called maseeti gate. Overall it provides an amazing view & attracts the tourists.


4-Shalimar Garden Lahore

Shalimar Garden Lahore is another master piece of the Mughal Architecture. The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan has constructed in 1641 AD. Shalimar Garden is located near baghbanpura. It’s beautiful Mughal Work attracts the tourist towards this royal garden.


5-Badshahi Mosque

Badshahi Mosque no doubt about it is an imperial mosque which is master art of the mughal emperors. This is the 2nd largest mosque in Pakistan & of course the 5th largest in the World. In 1993 the Government of Pakistan includes the Mosque in the World heritage site in Unesco.


6-Minar-e-Pakistan

Minar-e-Pakistan is basically a public monument which is located in Iqbal Park Lahore. It is a beautiful place for the tourists & was constructed during 1960s. This is a Symbol of Freedom for the brave nation of Pakistan. After the period of eight years it was completed in 1968. The Total height of the minar is 92 meters. The Park around the monument provides the eye catching view to the tourists.


7-Sheesh Mahal

Sheesh Mahal Lahore is another master art of the Mughal period & is located within the Shah Burg bock in the northern western corner of the Lahore fort. The quality mirror work is the beautiful & amazing thing to watch. It was constructed during the period of Shah Jahan & was built by the famous architect of the Mughals. In 1981 it was included in Unesco World heritage.


8-Anarkali Bazar

Anarkali Bazar is an important bazaar of Lahore & the oldest of the south Asia. It was named after a slave girl of Emperor Akbar Anarkali who loves with the emperor son Saleem & she was buried alive as a punishment by Emperor Akbar. It is the center of garments, jewellery, Textiles & lot of other items which are the main attractive of the tourists.


9-Fakir Khana Lahore Art Gallery

Fakir khana is the private museum of the Lahore & the largest of south Asia. This museum provides lot of information about Punjab heritage & traditions to the visitors. It is a hidden treasure of the art. It is the private museum of the fakir family which transfers from generations to generations. Now e museum provides visitors online information about the art & traditions of Pakistan & the World.






Photos Badshahi Masjid Lahore near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos QAIUD E AZAM LIBRARY near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos SPRING FESTIVAL near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Railway Workshop near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Jahangir,s Tomb Arches near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Firdos Minar near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos A View of The Spring ,Ring Road park ,Lahore Punjab Pakistan....Picture By. Ijaz Ahmad Mughal near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright ijaz ahmad mughal اعجاز احمد مغل

Photos Wazir Khan Masjid near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos sunset near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Town Hall Lahore by hafeezmj near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Shalimar Garden near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos SHALIMAR GARDEN 23 near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos LAHORE FORT near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Wapda House Lahore near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Lahore Fort near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Noor Jahan Tomb near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos دریائے راوی .Boat to Bara Dari @ River Ravi.Picture By Ijaz Ahmad Mughal near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright ijaz ahmad mughal اعجاز احمد مغل

Photos QAIUD E AZAM LIBRARY near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Lahore Fort near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos SHALIMAR GARDEN near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Made of Mud near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos عکاسی Reflection near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright ijaz ahmad mughal اعجاز احمد مغل

Photos LAHORE FORT near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos Minar e Pakistan near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj

Photos SUN SET AT RAVI 1 near Lahore, Punjab, by author copyright Hafeezmj






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